Narcotics
What are Opioids
An opioid is a type of drug that is used to reduce pain. They work by binding to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord, which reduces the perception of pain. Opioids are usually prescribed for moderate to severe pain and can be effective in managing acute pain, such as pain from surgery or injury, as well as chronic pain, such as pain from cancer or long-term conditions like back pain. Common examples of opioids include morphine, fentanyl, and oxycodone. However, these drugs can also be addictive and have potential for overdose, so they are typically prescribed only when other pain management options have failed.
List of Common Opioids
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
Codeine
Morphine
Fentanyl
Methadone
Buprenorphine
Hydromorphone
Oxymorphone
Propoxyphene
How do Opioids Affect The Body
Respiratory depression is one of the most serious and potentially fatal side effects of opioid use. It occurs when the opioids slow down the body’s respiratory system, making it difficult for a person to breathe.
Opioids work by binding to specific receptors in the brainstem, which is the part of the brain that controls breathing. When these receptors are activated, they reduce the activity of the muscles that control breathing, which can lead to a decrease in the rate and depth of breathing. In high doses or when combined with other sedating drugs, opioids can cause the breathing to slow down too much, leading to respiratory depression.
Other factors that can increase the risk of respiratory depression include an individual’s sensitivity to the drug, underlying lung or heart conditions, and taking other medications that also slow down breathing. People who use opioids in high doses or over an extended period of time are also more likely to develop tolerance to the drug, which means they will require higher doses to achieve the same effects and have a higher risk of respiratory depression.
It’s important to note that respiratory depression is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment. If you suspect someone is experiencing respiratory depression, call 911 or seek medical attention right away.