There are specialized neurons called sensory receptors that collect information from the whole body creating an impulse and transmitting it to the spinal cord or brain stem.
Is the Central Nervous System (CNS) interpret the input it receives from all around the body? More to come.
Is the response to sensory input. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) initiates and sends out impulses by the nerves to muscles, glands; and other organs that are capable of having a response.